A review of biomass resources in Nigeria shows that the most initially promising resource is the agricultural residues associated with cassava, maize, rice, sugar and sorghum but a detailed fuel source analysis is required to ascertain the sustainability of supply. Waste is generated on a large scale in Nigeria, however, policies and infrastructure for waste treatment are required to use this resource for biomass generation. The study shows that Waste-to-energy plants are unlikely to be economic for energy production alone.